Because the victim can't see the packet's real source, it can't block attacks coming from that source.
Spoofing: We say that an attacker spoofs an IP packet when they change or obfuscate information in its header that should tell you where it's coming from.Important techniques used in all types of DDoS attacks include: The size of application-layer attacks is measured in requests per second (RPS). Application-layer attacks are conducted by flooding applications with maliciously crafted requests.These protocol attacks include SYN floods and Smurf DDoS, among others, and their size is measured in packets per second (PPS). Protocol or network-layer DDoS attacks send large numbers of packets to targeted network infrastructures and infrastructure management tools.The size of a volume-based attack is measured in bits per second (bps). They include ICMP, UDP and spoofed-packet flood attacks. Volume-based attacks use massive amounts of bogus traffic to overwhelm a resource such as a website or server.There are three primary classes of DDoS attacks, distinguished mainly by the type of traffic they lob at victims’ systems: But because there are so many of them, the requests often overwhelm the target system's capacities-and because the bots are generally ordinary computers widely distributed across the internet, it can be difficult or impossible to block out their traffic without cutting off legitimate users at the same time. Individually, the requests and network traffic directed by each bot towards the victim would be harmless and normal. Once unleashed, the bots all attempt to access some resource or service that the victim makes available online.
The infected machines await a remote command from a so-called command-and-control server, which serves as a command center for the attack and is often itself a hacked machine. The infected machines can range from ordinary home or office PCs to DDoS devices-the Mirai botnet famously marshalled an army of hacked CCTV cameras-and their owners almost certainly don't know they've been compromised, as they continue to function normally in most respects. The attackers will harvest these systems by identifying vulnerable systems that they can infect with malware through phishing attacks, malvertising attacks, and other mass infection techniques. A botnet consists of hundreds or thousands of machines, called zombies or bots, that a malicious hacker has gained control over. DDoS botnets are the core of any DDoS attack.
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